A new species of Galearis (Orchidinae: Orchidaceae) from Sichuan,China

A new species, Galearis huanglongensis Q.W.Meng & Y.B.Luo, is described and illustrated. It is similar to Galearis cyclochila (Franch. & Sav.) Soó and Galearis diantha (Schltr.) P.F.Hunt, but differs in having a short spur, two elliptical lateral stigma lobes and distinctly separated bursicles. This new species is known only from the type locality, the Huanglong Valley, Songpan County, western Sichuan, China, growing amongst mosses under alpine shrubs at an elevation of about 3000 m. Based on two years of observations of its population size, the species was categorized as critically endangered CR (B1a, B2a) according to the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1. The micromorphology of pollinia and seeds was observed by scanning electron microscopy and compared with that of G. cyclochila and G. diantha. The results supported G. huanglongensis Q.W.Meng & Y.B.Luo as a new species. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 158 , 689–695.     

外泌体源性miRNAs在肺癌发生发展中的作用

外泌体(exosomes)是细胞分泌的纳米级细胞外囊泡.外泌体通过释放其内的生物活性大分子,比如微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)到受体细胞,从而介导细胞间交流通讯. MiRNAs作为一类主要在转录后水平负向调控靶mRNAs的非编码RNAs,其在外泌体中含量最为丰富.在肺癌中,miRNAs经肿瘤细胞分泌的外泌体转运释放而发挥重要的作用.本文主要讨论了外泌体源性miRNAs在肺癌发生发展的各个阶段,包括血管生成、细胞增殖、侵袭转移、免疫逃逸、耐药等方面的作用,以及其在作为新型肺癌诊断和预后标志物方面的临床价值.     

A Preliminary Molecular Phylogeny of Planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) Based on Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Sequences

The planthopper superfamily Fulgoroidea (Insecta: Hemiptera) is one of the most dominant groups of phytophagous insects. It comprises about 20 families, containing a total of 9000 species worldwide. Despite several recent studies, the phylogeny of Fulgoroidea is not yet satisfactorily resolved and the phylogenetic positions of several key families, especially Cixiidae, Delphacidae, Tettigometridae, Nogodinidae, Acanaloniidae and Issidae, are contentious. Here, we expand upon recent phylogenetic work using additional nuclear (18S and 28S) and novel mitochondrial (16S and cytb) markers. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses yielded robust phylogenetic trees. In these topologies, a group containing Cixiidae and Delphacidae is recovered as the sister group to the remaining taxa. Tettigometridae is placed in a more nested position and is grouped with Caliscelidae. Sister relationships are found between Flatidae and Ricaniidae, and between Dictyopharidae and Fulgoridae. Nogodinidae and Issidae are confirmed to be non-monophyletic families. For major nodes of interest, divergence date estimates are generally older than those from the fossil record.     

甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒在宿主种群中的垂直传播研究

以两种浓度的病毒液感染甜菜夜蛾4龄、5龄幼虫,以研究甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒从亲代到子代垂直传递的方式和效率。实验结果表明,该病毒可通过母体介导(卵内、卵表)和父体介导等3种方式传递给子代,造成子代感染。幼虫经口感染后母体介导传递实验表明,病毒垂直传播可引起20%～48%的子代幼虫病死,并能使子代成虫产卵量下降;母体介导传播实验中,以5%福尔马林进行卵表面消毒证实仍有18.8%的幼虫感染病毒死亡,表明了该病毒可经卵内传播,并同时存在着附卵传播;母体介导传递实验还表明病毒对宿主有弱化作用,亲代免于病死的蛹重量减轻,羽化所得雌成虫的产卵量下降,产卵期延长。以交互配对将感染与未感染的雌雄成虫彼此交配,表明雄成虫精子也能垂直传递病毒(父体介导),引起20％～40%子代幼虫感病死亡。成虫经口感染,对所产卵块表面消毒后,仍导致28.6%的子代幼虫死于病毒感染,也表明存在卵内传播。     

填充床反应器中酶法连续合成甘油二酯的研究

近年来,1,3-甘油二酯(DAG)由于其广泛用途及健康作用日益受到人们的重视。报道了一种无溶剂条件下填充床反应器中连续酶促合成1,3-DAG的方法。研究了填充柱的长径比、进料体积流速、温度、底物摩尔比对酯化率和1,3-DAG产量的影响。结果表明固定化酶填充柱长径比7.8,亚油酸、甘油摩尔比1∶2 ,进料速度1.2mL/min ,65℃条件下酯化反应可实现脂肪酸酯化率、1,3-DAG纯度及生产效率的统一。填充床反应器中固定化酶连续催化酯化反应的一个主要问题即体系水分清除困难。实验研究了采用过量甘油吸附脱水的可行性,亚油酸、甘油摩尔比为1∶2时,可明显改善固定化酶的稳定性,增加LipozymeRMIM的使用寿命。连续运行10d ,残余酶活仍保持在80 %以上,而对照组则仅为52%。     

飞虱科(半翅目)二新种和中国大陆二新纪录种

描记了采自云南西双版纳的飞虱科(半翅目)2新种:弯突淡背飞虱,新种Sogatellana curva sp.nov和刺茎奇臀飞虱,新种Miranus spinaphallus sp.nov.新种弯突淡背飞虱Sogatellana curva sp.nov与属内其它种的区别在于该种的阳基侧突略为弯曲,端部细且外端角不突出,而其它种阳基侧突的内端角和外端角都突出,另外该种膈背缘的形状不同于属内其它种;新种刺茎奇臀飞虱Miranusspinaphallus sp.nov.以阳茎左侧背面有一排刺状突起以及右腹侧面有一排小刺可与奇臀飞虱属其它种类相区别.报道了我国大陆的两个新纪录种,迪索西飞虱Syndelphax disonymos(Kirkaldy)(分布:广东湛江)和蜿蜒茎刺飞虱Sinolacme sinuosa Yang(分布:广西阳朔).新种的模式标本和其它研究标本均保存在中国科学院动物研究所标本馆.     

苹果树蒸腾规律及其与冠层微气象要素的关系

采用由热扩散植物液流技术测算得到的、周期为2 0 0 3年1～12月、时间步长10 min的苹果树蒸腾数据,结合同步观测得到果树冠层微气象要素值,分析太行山低山丘陵区10年生苹果树蒸腾耗水规律及其与微气象要素关系,旨在为该地区苹果生产提供必要的水分生态理论依据,并力图进一步完善苹果树蒸腾耗水理论。结果表明:(1)苹果树蒸腾(Tr)具有明显时间变化特征。Tr在晴天-多云日的主要和非主要生长季节日变化都表现为单峰曲线趋势。在阴天日,主要生长季节表现为多峰曲线趋势,非主要生长季节单峰除10月和3月份表现为双峰曲线趋势外,其余各月均为单峰曲线趋势。Tr日际变化或季节变化特征是3～4月份逐渐升高、5～6月份达到高峰值、7月份逐渐降低、10月末及11月初Tr迅速降低。全年Tr值为6 0 0 .9mm ,其中,主要生长期间(4～9月份)、非主要生长期间(1～3月份、10～12月份) TR值分别为5 0 2 .6、98.3mm ,分别占全年的83.6 %、16 .4 %。(2 )主要生长期内,Tr与冠层净辐射(Rn) ,空气温度(Ta)、湿度(RH) ,风速(V)等气象要素有很好的复相关性,统计回归方程为Tr =0 .2 74 0 .0 4 2 V 0 .0 0 6 7Ta - 0 .0 14 RH (n=2 6 35 2 ,Tr为单株蒸腾量,Tr、V、Ta、Rn的单位分别为L/ h、m/ s、℃、w/ m2 ,RH为无量纲值,以%表示) ,R2 =0 .